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Between Malami’s Spare Parts and Southern Governors’ Cows

By Farooq A. Kperogi Twitter: @farooqkperogi Attorney General and Minister of Justice Abubakar Malami aroused people, particularly from the ...

By Farooq A. Kperogi

Twitter: @farooqkperogi

Attorney General and Minister of Justice Abubakar Malami aroused people, particularly from the South, to seething fury when he said on May 19 during a ChannelsTV interview that Southern governors’ May 18 resolution to ban open grazing in their part of the country would be synonymous with northern governors banning the sale of spare parts in their own gubernatorial spheres of authority.

“For example, it is as good as saying, perhaps, maybe, the northern governors coming together to say they prohibit spare parts trading in the north,” he said. “Does it hold water? Does it hold water for a northern governor to come and state expressly that he now prohibits spare parts trading in the north?”

This was a dreadfully mistaken analogy that instantiates the age-old English expression, “comparisons are odious.” First, the governor of Benue State, which is in the North, has also signed a law banning open grazing. It isn’t unlikely that other northern states will follow suit with some version of an open-grazing ban at some point. So, it’s not exactly as cut-and-dried, north-versus-south binary as Malami makes it seem.

Second, as I pointed out in my May 20 social media update, Malami’s imperfect contrast of contexts is an invidious and wholly gratuitous dog-whistle ethnic jibe at Igbo people even though it wasn’t just Igbo governors who endorsed the banning of open grazing; Yoruba, Ikwerre, Bini, Ijaw, Ibibio, and Obanlikwu governors endorsed it, too.

Although the expression “dog whistle” originated in Australian English, it was popularized and exported to the rest of the world from America, and it means the devious, loaded use of words and imagery in ways that seem harmless and innocent on the surface but that actually send a special, often bigoted and divisive, message to an intentionally preselected group of people.

“Biafra boys,” “IPOB people,” “spare parts dealers” are well-known dog-whistle references to Igbo people. My April 3, 2021 column titled “Umar’s ‘BIAFRAN Boys’ Dig Part of Nigeria’s Unofficial Igbophobia” shows how the Buhari regime’s honchos have adopted Igbophobia as an unofficial policy.

It’s just like how “terrorist” has now become a dog-whistle reference to northern Muslims among southerners. For instance, in December 2014, Mrs. Rose Chinyere Uzoma, the then Comptroller General of the Nigeria Immigration Service, told members of the National Assembly that she subverted the laws and conducted a widely condemned, secretive, regionally skewed recruitment into the immigration service because she didn’t want to “unknowingly employ terrorists.”

Well, it turned out that northern states with Muslim majority populations were the least represented in Uzoma’s secretive employment exercise. I called her out in a December 29, 2012 column titled “Terrorism and Recruitment into the Nigeria Immigration Service.” Malami is as guilty of invidious dog-whistling as Uzoma was.

Another reason Malami’s comparison is odious is that it’s at once wildly inaccurate and factually impoverished. As many people have already pointed out, it is cows, not herders, that are banned from uncontrolled grazing because they destroy farmlands.

Spare parts don’t destroy anything. On the contrary, they supplement the middle-class indulgence of car ownership for Nigerians.

The southern governors’ resolution, as I understand it, is, in fact, not an attack on cows or on herders. It’s merely a restriction on an act: open grazing. Ranched cows are not affected by the resolution. And the constitution guarantees the rights of Nigerian herders, as individuals, to move to any part of Nigeria—like everybody else. (Of course, this excludes non-Nigerian herders in Nigeria whose proliferative presence even the government has acknowledged many times). 

Chapter4, Section 41 of the Nigerian Constitution says, “Every citizen of Nigeria is entitled to move freely throughout Nigeria and to reside in any part thereof, and no citizen of Nigeria shall be expelled from Nigeria or refused entry thereby or exit therefrom.” The resolution of the southern governors hasn’t violated that.

But several governors have, in the past, violated this constitutional guarantee without as much as a whisper from Malami.  In August 2019, the Lagos State government accused some northerners of “illegal mass movement” into the state and arrested them. I passionately condemned this in a September 7, 2019 column titled “Victims of Xenophobia Abroad, Culprits of Xenophobia at Home” and contributed to their unconditional release.

In April 2020, in contravention of both common sense and well-established conventions, the Kano State government also “deported” a man from Kano to Jigawa State after he tested positive for the coronavirus. As I pointed out in my May 2, 2020 column titled “COVID-19 Dramatizes Nigeria’s Countries-Within-a-Country Conundrum,” Kano later opened the floodgates for the recriminatory “deportations” of almajirai in Nigeria’s northwestern states by first “deporting” more than 1,000 children to their home states.

The Kaduna State government, I pointed out in the column, “sensationalized Nigeria’s countries-within-a-country absurdity on April 28 when it closed its ‘borders’ and arrested 100 people ‘hidden inside a truck coming from Kano, and several others smuggled from Lagos by a trailer conveying goods to Kano,’ according to ChannelsTV. No government, as far as I’m aware, has condemned this.

“Since states are not sovereign entities, they can’t have ‘borders.’ What they have, according to the Nigerian constitution, are ‘boundaries,’ which they, in fact, have no jurisdictional competence to police. Only the federal government can, under certain circumstances, impose limits on freedom of movement within the country.

“States can also not ‘deport’ citizens of one state to another. Deportation means the expulsion of people from one country to another. It’s both semantically and legally impossible to ‘deport’ citizens of a country within their own country. That’s both an abuse of the English language and of the constitution.”

Malami was unseen and unheard when all of these violations of the constitution occurred, but he is suddenly interested in these matters because cows and regional politics are involved. That, in my opinion, bespeaks reckless and extreme irresponsibility, not to mention toxic incompetence and bigotry.

In any case, the harm of open grazing disproportionately affects more northern farmers than it does southern farmers since farming is the North’s mainstay and open grazing hurts farming. I know of scores of relatives, friends, and acquaintances from all parts of the North who have stopped farming because of the increasingly lethal dangers of open grazing.

In a January 20, 2018 column titled “Existential Threats of Nomadic Pastoralism to Nigeria,” I wrote:

 “To give just one example of how this anachronistic practice is ruining and displacing lives, in my local government, most peasant farmers have abandoned farming (and I know this is true of most traditionally agricultural communities) because of the menace of cattle herders. Farmers toil day and night to tend to their crops only for herders to destroy them in a day.

“Last year, one of my younger brothers expended time, money, and energy to cultivate huge yam, peanut, and corn farms. He returned from school (he is an undergraduate) one day to find that almost all of his crops had been eaten by herds of cattle. Now he says he will never farm again. And he is not alone.”

 The consequences of the mass desertion of farming are only just now manifesting in the form of food shortages and high costs for food. This will only get worse if nothing is done.

Malami’s “spare parts” comparison is faulty for another reason: Many state governments— including Kano, Kaduna, the FCT, Lagos, etc.— have actually banned the use of motorcycles and minibuses for intra-city mobility in what I once called a “Transportational War on Nigeria’s Poor” in a February 2, 2013 column. That directly affects spare parts sellers.

The ban on commercial motorcycles not only inflicts misery on and halts internal mobility for millions of the urban working poor and the people who survive on it, it also deprives spare parts sellers of a huge chunk of their clientele. Why has Malami not come out in defense of commercial motorcyclists and spare parts in the same way he has come out in defense of cows?

Again, several states in the North habitually seize and destroy alcoholic beverages belonging to other Nigerians who have a constitutional right to sell them to willing customers. Malami has never protested this violation of their rights.

Malami clearly allowed his prejudice to overpower his mind. As a wise man once said, prejudice deceives when it talks, distorts what it sees, and destroys when it acts. 

10 comments

  1. Thank you once again Prof for this honest assessment. It is very difficult today to distinguish between a government official, politician and the common man on the street when it comes to talking about national issues. The interest of the nation is cast aside always for personal and sectional interest. The result is what we are experiencing today, bare face corruption without consequences, all forms of criminality, general societal decadence and an absentee government that is still supported and sustained for parochial reasons etc. As things stand, it is highly difficult to predict what the future holds for this country.

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  2. First, let it be known that lam not a politician but ordinary Nigerian citizen. I can vividly recall the Pre-2015 Nigeria's General elections a live-Tv discussion forum anchored by Kadaria Ahmed where the then Candidate General Muhammad Buhari openly and clearly advocated for CATTLE ROUTE demarcation across the country as a recipe for Farmers- Herders Age-Old feuds. He never said Herders should be entitled to Open Grazing as a constitutional RIGHT. The Age-Old feuds between Farmers and Herders predated Buhari 2015 to present government. It has been there as FAR AWAY as 100 years ago and as RECENTLY as Former President Goodluck Jonathan's government that ended May 2015. The FEUDS have been there but NOBODY spoke out against it as much as NOBODY prevented IGBO CHILDREN Traffickers in the North,
    Or Chased-away UNQUALIFIED IGBO Patent medicine Stores operators from Practising in the North. Neither did ANY Northerner raise hue over YORUBAS partaking in CATTLE BUTCHERY in the North even as they contribute to Soiling the environment and many more. The current stance on OPEN-GRAZING was ans is directed at BUHARI for Not Annointing Neither a Core-Yoruba Nor a Core-NDIGBO as 2023 SUCCESSOR, hence the the CARTEL must be OVERTURNED before 2023 through other Subterranean MEANS. This is my personal view ,my brother.

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    1. This is petty sir/ma and part of the country within country pain. However should there be any truth to your cartel-feud claims, we will fight it as vehemently (hopefully more) as we oppose this decadence now. That's how systems are built, that's how we should work. Not give in to petty trifles at every turn.

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    2. Your submission here implies that since the problem predates the Buhari government, Every body should fold their arms and watch as it is new. You have however, not stated in your submission that the crisis has taken a dimension that has never been seen before in the history of country. Is it not logical that a permanent solution be found to arrest the situation once an for all. The analogies been drawn here about Igbo this Igbo that, Yoruba this are highly uncalled for. There are laws in the land that check such violations. The same laws are been enacted by some states to check open grassing. Where is the conspiracy in that?

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  3. Excellent piece, prof. You have addressed all the issues objectively in just a few paragraphs. I also felt that the southern governors did not violate the constitution; they only restricted an activity but did not expel or restrict the movement of people. And like you said, some northern states do restrict some economic activities like sale of alcohol. On another matter, I think our model of democracy and our federalism amplifies our faultlines and contribute to a lot of internal discord and is economically wasteful. None of our neighbours practice our model of governance. Niger, Cameroon, Ghana and others are all democratic but none of them have elected governors, who are all appointees of the president. These unitary systems lead to a lot of internal cohesion and stability. If Nigeria had such a system, there would have been no Sharia in Zamfara and other states and most likely no boko haram by now. My recommendation for Nigeria going forward is democracy with a unitary system and a rotational presidency. Let the 6 zones produce the president in turns for single 5 year terms beginning with the SE in 2023. It will really douse the current existential threats in Nigeria.

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    1. Absolutely, Mohammed Bello, having a rotational system of government where each region produce the President for a five year tenure will to a large extent bring relative peace to the institution called Nigeria.
      We must begin to reason in the interest of Nigeria and not been partisan, ethnic or religious inclined. I think its high time we all sat and draft a new constitution for a New Nigeria.

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    2. Vested interests will not subscribe to your idea. Those interests prefer that the status quo remains.

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  4. New Constitution for a new Nigeria will addressed our national problems. That's the way to go.

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  5. I am not Malami's spokesman, but I think you miss the issue. Malami saw moving cattle from the North to the South as a business venture. I think he is right then to compare it with any business venture in the North dominated by Southerners.
    I am opposed to open grazing and have advocated for ranching for long.

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  6. Good one Prof. Your work is being appreciated by many. Keep on with the good work!

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